People have art appraisals done for various reasons: curiosity, resale vale, tax purposes, etc. One of the most common reasons for art appraisals though is for insurance purposes. And, this is where the difference between fair market value and replacement value becomes important.

About Art Appraisals for Insurance Purposes

Insurance companies require valuables like jewelry, paintings, antiques and other items you may wish to insure to be independently appraised before they will extend coverage.

In general, the purpose of most art appraisals is two-fold: (i) to provide the owner with information about their objects so that they can fully appreciate and understand it; and (ii) to assess a market value that can be used in cases of sale, insurance, replacement costs, etc.

Now that you understand why it’s important to get your item appraised, let’s look at the difference between fair market value and replacement value.

Art Appraisals: What is Fair Market Value?

In simple terms, fair market value is the price an object could be sold for if it were put up for sale on the open market.

For example, if you offered it for sale on a website and you and a knowledgeable, willing buyer agreed on a price. The key phrase in the last sentence is knowledgeable. To get fair market value, it’s important that the buyer and seller both understand the intrinsic value of an appraised piece.

Otherwise, one may feel taken advantage of, and could be cause for legal action. This is why an independent art appraisal is key.

Art Appraisals: What is Replacement Value?

Replacement value is how much it would cost to replace a similar item, of the same quality in the current market dynamic. There are various kinds of replacement value, ie: (i) new; (iii) second-hand; (iii) facsimile; and (iv) liquidation. Each is described briefly below.

New Replacement Value: This value is based on an item still being available elsewhere new.

Second-hand Replacement Value: Value that reflects the current cost to replace a similar item in roughly the same condition.

Facsimile Replacement Value: Value that reflects the cost of recreating an item in the likeness of the original, adhering to the same quality standards and using roughly the same materials.

Liquidation Replacement Value: Value that reflects the price garnered when an item is forced to be sold under unusual circumstances – eg, time constraints or other limiting conditions.

The Value of a Professional Art Appraiser

A knowledgeable art appraiser will know not only the specifics and history of your collection/piece, he or she will also know details about the recent market demand as it relates to your them. Eg, how it’s performed in the market recently, is demand for it growing or subsiding, interested collectors, etc.

Considering all of this, the value of a reputable art appraiser can’t be understated.

By: Judith A. Tartt

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It seems like nearly all pieces contain line, shape, color, space and whatnot.

What is the difference between a line painting and a shape painting? How much space is needed for the primary element to be space?

If anyone knows of a site where I can practice identifying elements or of a place to go with several very clear examples of each, please let me know!

Any personal knowledge is also appreciated.

Please help….

By: recreating_eve

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To get the best results when hanging fine art photographs and other art on the walls of your home, it’s important to consider the proper height on the wall and proper alignment. Hanging materials, weight distribution and previsualizing the placement of the art is important, too.

As a general rule, the center of the picture should be approximately at eye level. When you’re hanging a group of images, the midpoint of the grouping should be at eye level, too. (This is usually about 55 to 57 inches from the floor.)

If the art is small, hang it a little lower so it doesn’t get lost on the wall. If you’re hanging art in a kid’s room, remember that their eye level is a little lower so hang it a little lower for them!

If you’re hanging art over the sofa, above a bed or other piece of furniture, try to keep the art fairly close – about the width of your arm. This will create a harmony between the two pieces.

Invest in a good level or a laser line marker that projects a straight laser line on the wall for precise alignment. This will save you a lot of time and frustration if you’re hanging a lot of art on one wall.

To distribute weight evenly and keep the picture straight, always use two pictures hanging hooks spaced evenly apart. Space them as far apart as possible. Make sure you use good quality picture hanging hooks (not nails)
and wire that can support the weight of your framed art. Also make sure that they are appropriate hangers for the wall. For example, a wall made of sheetrock needs a different kind of hanger than a brick wall.

For large heavy pictures, use individual heavyweight hangers on each side of the frame for added support. Wire will not give sufficient support.

If you’re creating a grouping for a wall, visualize it by placing it on the floor first. This way, you can move pictures around without marking up the wall. You can also take a big sheet of Kraft or parchment paper and design your arrangement on the paper first by tracing the frames. Then cut and tape it your template to the wall to see if you like it.

By: Andrea Sperling

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Mental Illness News

Does anyone know what the true name is? I want to get a head start and better familiarize myself with it.

By: Eli

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By: m_rahmawhat?

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business and marketing

There are various forms of expressions of feelings; some express them by writing, some by gestures or some by actions. However, people today are expressing their thoughts and emotions in the form of body art known as Tattoo. Today, Tattoos are the trendy fashion statements and has experienced resurgence in popularity but the origin of Tattoos dates back to the Neolithic Period. Tattoos are very painful way of doing designs on the various parts of the body by way of puncturing the dermis layer of the skin and injecting ink into the body part and creating several motifs. It is the ultimate form of expression of passion.

Tattoo as an art

Tattoo is an ancient form of art that was done to identify a genre of people or to symbolize an individual’s belonging to a specific community or even can be marks of religious and spiritual devotion. In the earlier days it was the sailors who made tattoos on their arms; these designs were specific art such as an anchor. In this way, through tattoos one could distinguish a particular set of people. Even a particular genre of music lovers will have identifiable tattoos. And today, we have more than many tattoo art studios and parlors that specialize in several types of tattoo pictures and designs. This form of art is gaining popularity, even celebrity endorses them and tattoo artists are much sought after people. Since, the last three decades tattooing has undergone many changes and artists are nowadays trained in fine arts discipline too. This great form of art uses the most sophisticated equipment and procedures. Today, tattoo related art form is a subject of study and viewing in the galleries and museums.

Brief History of Tattoo

The word Tattoo owes its allegiance to a Polynesian word ta meaning striking something and Tahitian word tatau means to mark something. Its origin can be traced back to some 5000 years ago and was particularly used by many tribal and ethnic groups. The recorded evidence of Tattoo suggests that it comes from ancient Egypt but this art form does not have much historical evidences. In recent times, a 5000 year old frozen body of a tattooed man was discovered in the Alps and the skin had 57 tattoos, the marks however suggests that, it has been used for therapeutic purpose. Some excavations have also revealed that tattoos on the body represented pictures of a variety of animals. In Japan, the evidence of tattooing is found in clay figurines. It is said that the Greeks used tattoos for the purpose of communication with spies. What was the purpose of tattoos?-It is said to have varied from culture to culture but few similarities still exist today. It has an important role in case of any ritual or custom. Today, it has made a strong comeback with its phenomenal art form.

By: Marie Kaplan

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marketing excellence

We can try answering the question “what is art?” by understanding the definition given in Britannica online which says that art is “the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others.”

In this regard it will be apt to have a glance at what Leo Tolstoy had to say about art in his book called “What is art?” written some 200 years back. One of the important points that he said about art is that “in order to correctly define art, it is necessary, first of all, to cease to consider it as a means to pleasure and to consider it as one of the conditions of human life. Viewing it in this way we cannot fail to observe that art is one of the means of *********** between man and man.” There are many other interesting views on art that has been expressed by him in his book titled “what is art?”

Many other definitions emphasize that

1. Art is subjective and art is more subjective than objective.
2. Art is form and content.
3. Art has an artistic process.
4. There is a connection between beauty and art and beauty is the measure of quality of art.

Then there are debatable questions to the basic question “what is art?”, like

1. Can anything be art?
2. Is there any objective crieteria for art?

Perception of Art and the identity of the artist have always changed through history and contemporary society and therefore the question of “what is art?” looks like a bottom less pit.

Art & Artists in the Ancient World and Middle Ages, Art & Artists in the Renaissance are very different from Art & Artists of the modern world. What is the affect of modernism on art & artist is a highly debatable topic. It throws up issues like whether modernism has led to the end of art. It is an interesting study to see how modernism and politics and postmodernism have affected the art and artists of today.

Discussion of art and the question “what is art?” needs a detailed understanding of the usage, theories and utility of art. It should address the classification disputes, touch upon the controversial art scene and it should weigh the class and value of the art.

There are different forms, genres, mediums and styles for expression of artistic abilities and all these have their own characteristic skills & craft, value judgment models and communication styles.

The various types of commonly accepted artistic expressions are Architecture, Cinematography, Drawing, ****** art, Music, dance, writing, Painting, Poetry, Sculpture and Photography. There are many more valid types of artistic expression apart from the one mentioned above.

Further the question “what is art?” will not be fully answered and the study of art and artists will remain incomplete if we do not touch in some measure the History of Art, Basic Art concepts & famous artists.

There cannot be a complete definition or answer ever to the question “what is art?” but still we can try to muster up some logical structure based on the following below mentioned points.

Art is-

1. the product of conscious intention with a mix of the unconscious expression,
2. a self rewarding activity but with a mix of larger view of love, empathy and compassion also,
3. a tendency to unite dissimilar things and break down similar things,
4. concerned with change and variety and bringing a stability in change and variety,
5. the aesthetic exploitation of familiarity vs. surprise and the journey into the known vs. unknown,
6. the aesthetic exploitation of tension vs. release and it is a balance between the creative tension vs. the destructive tension.
7. the imposition of order on disorder and a mix of creating disorder from order,
8. the creation of illusions as well as clearing the clouds of illusions,
9. an indulgence in sensuousness or at the other extreme it is a bucket of moral outpourings,
10. the exhibition of skill and craft,
11. a desire to convey meanings as well the desire to hide deeper symbols and expressions,
12. an indulgence in fantasy and also an attempt at bringing the fantasy into reality,
13. the aggrandizement of self or others,
14. illustration,
15. the heightening of existence through the knowledge of eventual destruction
16. revelation and hiding,
17. personal adornment or embellishment,
18. therapy, love, compassion, empathy and healing,
19. the giving of meaning to life knowing the meaninglessness of life,
20. the generation of self conscious experience and superconscious connection,
21. the provision of paradigms of order and/or disorder,
22. and training in the perception of reality by traveling the path of the surreal.

The list can be as long as we can imagine as it has to be said that defining art is just like defining life itself. I think now we can appreciate the depth of the question “what is art?”

By: Sanjay Kali

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‘Art Deco’ was a mainstream international design movement, spreading over a span of fourteen years, from 1925 to 1939. It played a crucial role in the development and the progression of Modern Art. The Deco Movement embodied a blend of the different modern decorative art styles, largely from 1920s and 1930s. These styles were the derivatives of several state-of-the-art painting philosophies of the twentieth century, including ‘Neoclassical,’ ‘Constructivism,’ ‘Cubism,’ ‘Modernism,’ ‘Art Nouveau,’ and ‘Futurism.’ The Deco movement influenced various decorative arts, such as architecture, interior designing, industrial designing, and visual art forms like fashion, painting, graphic arts, and cinema.

The term ‘Art Deco’ was coined in an exhibition, ‘Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes,’ held in Paris, in the year 1925. The exhibition was organized by some French artists to promote the creation of a new genre of art, adapted to the contemporary lifestyle, a distinct sense of individuality, and fine workmanship. The organizers of this exhibition were the members of the society, ‘La Societe des artistes decorateurs,’ including, Hector Guinmard, Eugene Grasset, Raoul Lachenal, Paul Follot, Maurice Dufrene, and Emily Decour. The term ‘Art Deco’ however, gained widespread recognition only in the year 1968, when art historian Bevis Hiller, came out with his popular book, ‘Art Deco of the 20s and 30s,’ and organized an exhibition, ‘Art Deco,’ at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts.

This movement was distinguished for its abstraction, manipulation, and simplification of defined geometric shapes, and a vivid use of colors. The bold color schemes and blending curves were the focal points of the true ‘Deco’ creations. The so-called ‘ancient arts’ of Africa, Ancient Egypt, and Aztec Mexico, prominently inspired this movement. In the age of machines and streamline technology, the use of materials, such as plastics, enamels, harden concrete, and an unusual type of glass, ‘vita-glass,’ greatly affected the movement. There is sufficient evidence to indicate the employment of materials, like aluminum, stainless steel, lacquer, inlaid wood, along with exotic materials, like zebra and sharkskin.

The Empire State Building, famous for its pyramid-like structure, and the Chrysler Building, known for its multi-arched dome, are the living examples of the ‘Deco’ style. The movement even outlined the fashion industry of Paris in the 1920s. The dresses sported large chromium buttons, head-hugging cloche hats worn with huge fur collars, dangling earrings, and so called ‘bobbed hairstyles,’ all amounting to completely new and revolutionary look. The BBC Building in Portland Place and the basement of the Strand Palace Hotel, London are the examples of the pure ‘Art Deco’ style. The popularity of this movement took a beating during late 30s and 40s, but regained its lost sheen with the surge in the following of ‘graphic designing’ in the 1980s.

By: Annette Labedzki

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By: Van L

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